The power of an electromagnetic pulse (EMP) generated by a microwave weapon or a tactical nuclear bomb is limited to a few square miles at most. The United States EMP Commission determined that the U. S. civilian infrastructure is largely unprotected against EMPs and that much of the U.
military services are less prepared than during the Cold War. To evaluate the knowledge and intentions of foreign states regarding EMP attacks, the Commission conducted a global survey of foreign scientific and military literature. Additionally, the polarization of the Yucca EMP signal was horizontal, while the low-altitude nuclear EMP was vertically polarized. The scientific community began to recognize the importance of EMP after William J. published a series of three articles on nuclear EMP in 1981. The effects of an EMP on the ground can be devastating, as it can cause severe damage to electrical systems and electronic devices.
It can also cause physical damage to buildings and infrastructure, as well as disruption to communication networks. The extent of the damage depends on the strength of the pulse, its duration, and its distance from the source. The closer an area is to the source, the more severe the effects will be. The U. Department of Defense has developed strategies to protect against EMPs, such as hardening critical infrastructure and using shielding materials to protect sensitive equipment.
Additionally, there are several technologies available that can detect and mitigate EMPs, such as Faraday cages and surge protectors. In conclusion, an EMP pulse can penetrate far into the ground and cause significant damage to electrical systems and electronic devices. It is important for governments and organizations to be aware of this threat and take steps to protect their infrastructure from potential EMP attacks.
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